Questions already answered by our experts:
1) Zinc-carbon cells (primary batteries)2) Alkaline cells (primary batteries)
3) Silver oxide cells (primary batteries)
4) Mercury cells (primary batteries)
5) Lithium cells (primary batteries)
6) Zinc-air cells (primary batteries)
7) Lead-acid cells (rechargeable batteries)
Are the most popular battery sold nowadays. Both the cathode and the anode are made from lead plates and the electrolyte is sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄ ). Hence the name lead-acid cells. In everyday life we come in contact with starter batteries in our cars but they are also used in many other cases. We can divide lead-acid cells into wet and dry cells (maintenance free). Maintenance free lead-acid batteries are marked SLA (sealed-lead-acid) or VRLA (valve-regulated-lead-acid) and thanks to their advantages and exploitation properties they have generally started to replace traditional (wet)acid and alkaline batteries as well as nickel-cadmium. Maintenance free batteries:
-do not require water refills and constant electrolyte conservation (density tests etc.)
-As they are sealed they are able to work placed in any position and in normal exploitation conditions do not emit any gasses.
-Thanks to being sealed they are safe in exploitation, harmless to the environment( there are no acidic fumes and no danger of getting burned by sulfuric ) and they don’t require rooms with special, forced ventilation.
-compared with classic batteries they have lower internal resistance and are much smaller and lighter.
Maintenance free batteries are currently produced in two technologies.
*AGM (Absorbed Glass Mat) – the absorbant glass mat separator situated between the plates absorbs all liquid electrolyte.
*GEL – the electrolyte is absorbed in the form of gel.
Batteries made in AGM technology have lower internal resistance which means higher voltage on the clamps and longer work time, especially when discharging with high current. Despite being the same size they also have a little larger capacity because a part of the electrolyte in the GEL batteries constitutes the gel factor. GEL batteries are better at reducing warmth produced in the battery by electricity. They are also more resistant to vibrations and shocks. This is a big advantage when used in mobile and portable devices. Each maintenance free battery cell (6[V]-3 cells, 12[V]-6 cells) is equipped with a one-way pressure relief valve to prevent excessive build up of pressure in the cell (for example during overcharging) and the container from blowing up. Maintenance free batteries use a hydrogen and oxygen recombination cycle in which water is created and which eliminates the necessity of having to refill it. Sealed maintenance free lead-acid batteries are mainly used for:
-Standby work (emergency power supplies)- the battery is connected to the charging system at all times and produces power in case of a power failure (UPS’s, alarm systems, emergency lighting, telephone switchboards, cash registers and fiscal printers). After charging the battery absorbs a minimal amount of power which complements it’s self discharge.
-Cycle work- the battery is the main power source of an appliance and after discharging it is disconnected from the load and charged (mobile and portable appliances)
8) Nickel-cadmium cells (rechargeable batteries) -do not require water refills and constant electrolyte conservation (density tests etc.)
-As they are sealed they are able to work placed in any position and in normal exploitation conditions do not emit any gasses.
-Thanks to being sealed they are safe in exploitation, harmless to the environment( there are no acidic fumes and no danger of getting burned by sulfuric ) and they don’t require rooms with special, forced ventilation.
-compared with classic batteries they have lower internal resistance and are much smaller and lighter.
Maintenance free batteries are currently produced in two technologies.
*AGM (Absorbed Glass Mat) – the absorbant glass mat separator situated between the plates absorbs all liquid electrolyte.
*GEL – the electrolyte is absorbed in the form of gel.
Batteries made in AGM technology have lower internal resistance which means higher voltage on the clamps and longer work time, especially when discharging with high current. Despite being the same size they also have a little larger capacity because a part of the electrolyte in the GEL batteries constitutes the gel factor. GEL batteries are better at reducing warmth produced in the battery by electricity. They are also more resistant to vibrations and shocks. This is a big advantage when used in mobile and portable devices. Each maintenance free battery cell (6[V]-3 cells, 12[V]-6 cells) is equipped with a one-way pressure relief valve to prevent excessive build up of pressure in the cell (for example during overcharging) and the container from blowing up. Maintenance free batteries use a hydrogen and oxygen recombination cycle in which water is created and which eliminates the necessity of having to refill it. Sealed maintenance free lead-acid batteries are mainly used for:
-Standby work (emergency power supplies)- the battery is connected to the charging system at all times and produces power in case of a power failure (UPS’s, alarm systems, emergency lighting, telephone switchboards, cash registers and fiscal printers). After charging the battery absorbs a minimal amount of power which complements it’s self discharge.
-Cycle work- the battery is the main power source of an appliance and after discharging it is disconnected from the load and charged (mobile and portable appliances)
9) Nickel-metal hydride cells (rechargeable cells)
